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文字的毒害

看到个号称不支持 css/js/wasm 和图片的浏览器 Kristall,觉得这玩意太蠢了。这让我
想起柏拉图的 Phaedrus 里讲了苏格拉底的一个段子,苏格拉底作为欧亚大陆的头号智慧导师,博学多才,却没留下传世著作。因为但是他老人家本身是反对文字和书写的,有这么几个原因:

第一条,文字伤害记忆和智慧。Letter is an aid not to memory, but to reminiscence, and you give your disciples not truth, but only the semblance of truth

首先值得注意的是,这里很有可能指的是拼音文字里的「字母」 而不是古埃及神 Theuth 创作的象形文字。我认为发音字母构成的书写体系肯定是对记忆有害的,文字上的词性和变位更是对视力和理解力的低效率的折磨。快速理解都会强调 Subvocalization 的重要性。汉字作为一个 ideogram 真是一个神发明。总体来说,这条道理是对的。文字只是记忆的粗略模拟和辅助,是真理的外表轮廓。

知识其实这玩意可以被大致分为两类:propositional knowledge 和 know-how。命题和过程知识。

什么是命题?比如「一只青蛙四条腿」就是典型的命题。人们可以根据生活经验获得大量命题;

过程知识就比较微妙了。人们可以通过文字获得过程知识,比如你可以通过学习五线谱了解乐谱如何和发音一一对应,观看钢琴视频得知乐器如何演奏,但是让你实际上手呢?依然不会。

文字就容易造成一个错觉,把结论和过程的「描述」记住了,不等于你获得了真实的知识。有的时候甚至你记下来的就是个结论,连它内在逻辑都无法知晓。孔老夫子就说过「学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆」。文字是有欺骗性的。很多时候你写下来了背下来了以为就记住了。实际上你只记住了一个表皮。

第二条,文字是固化的,死气沉沉的,不如口头语言丰富有活力,不如口传心授有感染力。这个理由,也有局限性。因为文字表达能力在苏格拉底的时候不行,但是这玩意可以进化的。几千年演化下来,文字的表达能力一点也不差。

第三条,文字使语言失控。苏格拉底的原话是这么说的:“一件事一旦被写下来,不论什么内容,到处都会流传的,既会传到能看懂的人的手里,同样也会传到无关的人手里。文字本身并不知道如何与正直的人说话,也不知道如何不与邪恶的人说话。因为文字没有自卫或自救的能力。” 这个道理其实非常值得深思。

书写不是真理的后代,而是真理的私生子。人们歪曲理解文字,就如同私生子受到欺负没有亲生父母帮忙一样。苏格拉底还说,智慧的语言是用来雕刻学习者的心智的。需要知道什么说什么话,什么时候闭嘴。知识是活的,有多面性,需要对听众定制诉说,而不是像一副绘画那样只从一个角度说明问题。理智的人说话就像在花园里埋下一颗种子,听者心里才会开花结果。而不是一味挖洞翻土。

道理讲了这么多,其实对我的启发就是传播思想。喊死板口号是绝对没有用的。必须得定制化、个性化传播。如同现在推荐系统一样,做到千人千面。真正厉害的营销和洗脑不是「羊羊羊」那样反复重复洗脑,而是静心巧妙的植入。

想到这里,我觉得,以前 PC 时代发布视频,是由少数精英团队的制作,通过 Flash/MPEG这种录制成视听作品或者节目,扩散式的单向散开传播;3G 4G 带来的高带宽普及,智能机带来的H.264专用处理芯片的普及,让人人拍视频成为了可能,让全球迎来了一个视频传播思想的时代。大家看不起的营销号洗稿行为,在我看来是一个极其合理必然。知识的传播,本来就应该自然发生变异,我们只是缺乏一个有效的优胜劣汰的定向过滤器。把一件事前因后果用文字写清楚的人不多,但是文盲都可以拿起手机录制一段讲话。所以在人人都能发视频的时代,打破了文字的垄断,带来大量的土味和「俗」味视频。因为媒介的改变,不仅是从文字到图片、视频的升级那么简单,而是人和人对话、交流、碰撞的一次彻底颠覆;以前的大道理、小道理是基于文字的浓缩,抽象成一个又一个的符号,比如国家,比如民族,比如儒家、清教徒这种门派。现在抛弃抽象,回归到具象。在文字的时代,搜索引擎为王。因为这种技术有一定门槛,而且当时互联网上全是「超文本」的海洋。高校的理论知识是网页,门户的新闻是大段文字,个体用户参与的 BBS 讨论也是文字。现在不一样了,学术报告是扫描版pdf,门户都是app里的walled-gargen,群众的议论全是长截图。文字沦为配角,作为字幕存在于某一帧配图的下方,或者是一个箭头指向的注解。最具冲击力的,往往是影像,比如唐山打人的监控 footage,再比如导致 BLM 的那张 Floyd 跪脖子的图片。

社会现代化意味着传统、稳定的社区纽带被打散,现代人的生活成为一场漫长的“流浪”,人们不断被抛入陌生的地点、陌生的群体、陌生的关系,“独自承受”一切挑战。这种原子化状态驱动着弗洛姆所说的“逃避自由”心理——人们试图在不断分崩离析的世界中抓住一点什么,哪怕抓住的仅仅是“想象的共同体”。

从这一点上来说,我们回到了千百年前那个知识以口口相传的时代。面对这样的历史巨变,我个人的见解是:

  1. 口头交流比任何一个时代都更加重要。中小学应该压缩文字书写的时间,改为制作 ppt 宣讲技能培训和口头辩论。
  2. 应该把音韵、对联、单押、双押、rap、music、的重要性提高。现在自媒体 BGM 水平太低,而且说服力和韵脚好坏成正比。
  3. ChatGPT 是一把双刃剑,既可以在一段文字里无缝植入商品广告,也可以解决苏格拉底反对 letters 提出的文字的种种缺点,把文字变成个性化、启发式学习一个利器。
  4. 下一代说服力工具,应该是类似 ChatGPT 但是作为虚拟形象对现实生活的再加工和演绎。技术侧需要有对图片和视频「表达的思想」的理解能力。

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会员卡作为留存手段

小区附近开了一家糕点店,开业首日搞活动路过,就买了些甜甜圈、蛋挞之类的投喂娃。接下来莫名其妙就在他们家连续买了好几周各式糕点,老妈和老婆还专门去开了会员充了值。本来没觉得有啥,但是今天突然读到个东西来自 《销售与市场》杂志上另一个母婴用品店的案例突然觉得收到启发,觉得这玩意不简单。

首先个人家里长辈是比较反对这件事的,觉得外边的食品「不卫生」,老婆也反对「甜食」,所以去光顾糕点店本来就是个罕见行为,更是低频行为。是什么因素导致这个变化呢?就是开业首日结账的时候,店员非常推荐我们钱办会员。比如当时我们在店里消费16元,如果充64元,那么今天这16元就当场免单。而且会员卡以后可以参加8.8折活动。

当时因为孩子也想吃,所以这个16元肯定是要花了。心里一想这64元也就4倍,来消费4次就花光了,这店肯定不会在这之前跑路。几十元的金额也不多,要不先充点小钱试试反正以后88折也不亏。

于是就这样我家连续在这家店消费了3周。本来以为这开业的限时活动,结果每天都可以参加。随时会员充值都是这样的优惠条件。当场免单+4倍充值。

看到上面那篇文章的分析,这个说法很关键:

人这一辈子只会记住两类人:一类是自己的亲人,一类是欠自己钱的人。只要顾客觉得你这家店欠他的钱,你放心,他肯定不会把你忘了。有消费需求,一定会先想到你,到你家店里逛逛。这样一来就能形成持续的复购。从这个角度讲,商家是欠顾客10块钱,还是1000块钱,其实并不重要。商家没必要追求大额度的充值,只要通过小额度的充值,跟顾客形成亏欠关系,就达到目的了。不管用什么办法,让顾客适当充点钱,能够立竿见影地提升门店复购率。会员充值不是用来圈钱的,而是为了制造对顾客的亏欠。让一个人一直惦记你的最好方式,就是欠他点钱。

为啥充值就能直接免单?算了下,这不就等于是每5单免单一次,就是个8折?它家的8.8折也不是随时可以参加,只能周三会员日才行。其实这就培养出来了每周三复购的习惯。实际上我家也是这样操作的。每周三去光顾它家一次,因为会员卡里还剩了一丁点钱,没需求也要创造需求买点东西会来吃。。。实际上,它家的东西价格本来就不便宜,8折说不定还有得赚。

这种拿几十元消费者自己的小钱,把消费者一直惦记在一家店反复复购,方法真的高明。

又突然想到,我 steam 钱包上周都还有6.99刀不知道怎么花。于是圣诞促销就去买了TF2的一个稀有taunt。。这下好了。。钱包里还剩1.99刀。啥都买不成。要买多的,最低充值还得5刀起。。。。。。买别的东西肯定又有剩,又得惦记什么时候找个机会把这零钱给花了。真是几毛钱能让消费者惦记你一辈子。给跪了。。。

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ChatGPT释义意大利国歌歌词

看到 HN 上 有人让 ChatGPT 解释笑话。突然想起来之前看过很多外语歌词对其中内涵很不理解。

比如意大利国歌有这么一段:

Son giunchi che piegano 他们是弯曲的芦苇 The mercenary swords
le spade vendute: 卖掉的剑。 Are feeble reeds
già l'Aquila d'Austria 已经是奥地利的鹰 Already the Eagle of Austria
le penne ha perdute. 已经失去了它的羽毛。 Hath lost its plumes
Il sangue d'Italia, 意大利的血。 The blood of Italy,
il sangue Polacco, 波兰人的血统。 the Polish blood
bevé, col cosacco, 喝了酒,和哥萨克人一起。 It drank, along with the Cossack,
ma il cor le bruciò. 但心却燃烧了他们。 But it burned its heart.

第一句骂雇佣军都是弱鸡我能理解,但是雇佣军跟意大利有什么过节?不懂;

剩下的就比较迷了:骂匈牙利是不是跟意大利有过节?波兰的血是跟意大利是仇人还是同盟?为啥又跟哥萨克扯在一起了?

当然这里面牵扯太多的历史的背景知识了,没能短时间查到内涵的渊源。这种属于本地人可能比较熟悉,外地人压根不会问的问题,所以也不会有人放到网上讨论。顺理成章也搜索不到。我也很难从繁杂的亚平宁半岛历史里快速找到关键。因为欧洲实在小国太多太乱了。。

没想到 ChatGPT 居然解决了这个问题,还是很优秀的那种。

"They are reeds that bend
the swords sold:
already the Austrian eagle
has lost its feathers.
The blood of Italy,
the Polish blood,
drank, with the Cossack,
but the heart burned it."

This verse refers to a historical event in which Italy was invaded and occupied by foreign powers, including Austria and Russia. The reeds in the first line are symbols of resilience and resistance, as they are able to bend and sway in the wind without breaking. The swords that are mentioned in the second line may refer to the weapons of the Italian people, who have been forced to sell them to the occupying powers. The third line refers to the symbol of the Austrian Empire, the eagle, which has lost its power and influence.

The fourth line introduces the theme of blood and sacrifice, with the blood of Italy and Poland being mentioned. The fifth line mentions the Cossacks, who were a group of nomadic warriors from the Russian Empire. The sixth line suggests that although the invading forces may have been able to physically conquer and control the Italian people, their spirit and determination could not be broken. The heart, symbolizing the spirit of the Italian people, burned with a desire for freedom and independence.

让 chatgpt 再用中文解释了一遍

这句话提到了意大利被外国势力占领和占领的历史事件,包括奥地利和俄罗斯。第一行的芦苇是韧性和抵抗的象征,因为它们能够在风中弯曲而不会断开。第二行提到的剑可能指的是意大利人民的武器,他们被迫卖给占领势力。第三行提到了奥地利帝国的象征——鹰,它已经失去了权力和影响力。
第四行引入了血液和牺牲的主题,提到了意大利和波兰的血液。第五行提到了骑兵,他们是俄罗斯帝国的流浪武士。第六行表明,尽管侵略势力可能已经能够物理上征服和控制意大利人民,但他们的精神和决心不能被打压。心脏象征着意大利人民的精神,充满了获得自由和独立的渴望。
总的来说,这句话描述了意大利在历史上遭受的侵略和占领,但是意大利人民坚强不屈,他们的精神从未被打压,并且一直渴望获得自由和独立。

所以 芦苇 居然不是贬义词,是褒义词。意思是顶着风不折??????虽然不知道这是不是真的,但是至少这个说法很有趣。。。

歌词里面 波兰的血 也比较迷。是不是波兰入侵了意大利?继续问

Q: is Poland an ally or enemy in this verse?

Poland is not described as either an ally or an enemy. The verse mentions the blood of Italy and the blood of Poland together, suggesting that both countries have suffered and sacrificed in some way. It is not clear from the context of the verse how the two countries were related or whether they were allied or in conflict with each other at the time.
It is important to note that the verse is part of the Italian national anthem and was written in the mid-19th century, a time when Italy was facing foreign occupation and struggles for independence. The mention of Poland in the verse may simply be a metaphor for the shared experiences of suffering and sacrifice that both countries have endured.
Q: 歌词里 波兰的血 是什么意思
在你提供的这句话中,"波兰的血" 可能是指波兰人民所遭受的痛苦和牺牲。血液通常被用作一种比喻,来表示人们所承受的苦难和牺牲。在这首歌中,意大利和波兰的血液被提到了一起,可能是在暗示这两个国家都经历了某种痛苦和牺牲。
但是,从这句话的上下文中并不清楚这两个国家在那个时候是如何相关的,或者他们是否是盟友或是对立的。
重要的是要注意,这句话是意大利国歌的一部分,是在19世纪中期写的,那时意大利正面临外国占领和争取独立的斗争。在这首歌中提到波兰可能只是一种比喻,表示意大利和波兰都经历了共同的苦难和牺牲。

虽然 ChatGPT 很多解释是乱来的,但是这至少提供了一种看上去比较合理的说法,比我瞎猜的靠谱多了。。

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Jira里JQL实现查找上一个「工作日」的任务

厂里终于开始用笨拙的Jira了。总体用下来跟 Teambition 相比各有各的笨处。。。

默认的 board 过滤器有点不好用。本着为了stand-up meeting和周报快速检索上一个工作日和当周干了什么,找到一个 filter 写法:

JQL过滤上一个工作日干了啥:

(updatedDate < endofweek("-8d") AND updatedDate > startofday("-3d")) OR updatedDate > startofday("-1d")

这里不是简单的查昨天干了啥。比如周一需要看周五干了啥。所以有个 -8d-3d 的神奇操作。具体的逻辑自己琢磨

过滤本周干了啥

updatedDate >= startOfWeek(0)

Jira这种资本主义软件是没法适配我们社会主义法定节假日的设定。所以遇到非双休放假还是判断起来比较蛋痛。

其实我比较反感每天早上开站会。我比较推荐每天下班前最后10分钟开会。好处有:

  1. 当天干了什么记得很清楚。明天需要干什么也很显然。
  2. 如果谁拖堂,谁就承担对不起大家不能准时下班的道德压力
  3. 如果都开会了你事情都还没做完,要么你事情安排得太多,要么你完成能力不足,要么你时间安排有问题。

之前在两个公司这样执行过。结果被大老板强行改到早上开会了。无语。

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跟ChatGPT玩 20q 游戏

Q: can we play the 20q game?
A: Sure, we can play the 20 Questions game! I'll think of an object, and you can try to guess what it is by asking up to 20 yes or no questions. Are you ready to begin?

Q: yes. Is it a man?
A: No, I'm sorry, but the object I am thinking of is not a man. You can ask another question to try to narrow down what the object might be.

Q: is it an object that can be hold with human hands?
A: Yes, the object I am thinking of can be held in the hand. This should give you a better idea of what the object might be, but you still have several questions left to ask if you need them. Can you think of another question to help narrow down the possibilities?

Q: is it an everyday object that has vibrant colors?
A: No, I'm sorry, but the object I am thinking of is not an everyday object with vibrant colors. It may be something more common or everyday, or it may be a different color altogether. You can continue to ask questions if you would like to try to guess what the object is, or you can make a guess now if you think you know.

Q: Is it consumable by humans?
A: No, the object I am thinking of is not something that can be consumed by humans. It is a physical object that can be held and manipulated, but it is not something that can be eaten or drunk. You can continue to ask questions if you would like to try to guess what the object is, or you can make a guess now if you think you know.

Q: Is it a toy for kids?
A: No, I'm sorry, but the object I am thinking of is not a toy for kids. It may be something that is used by kids, or it may be something that is associated with kids in some way, but it is not a toy. You can continue to ask questions if you would like to try to guess what the object is, or you can make a guess now if you think you know.

Q: Is it made of metal or partly made of metal?
A: Yes, the object I am thinking of is made of metal, or at least partly made of metal. This should give you a better idea of what the object might be, but you still have several questions left to ask if you need them. Can you think of another question to help narrow down the possibilities?

Q: is it something you can drive with
A: Yes, the object I am thinking of is something that can be driven. This should give you a better idea of what the object might be, but you still have several questions left to ask if you need them. Can you think of another question to help narrow down the possibilities?

Q: is it a car?
A: Yes, that's correct! The object I was thinking of is a car. Congratulations on guessing the correct answer with only a few questions! Cars are a common form of transportation that are made of metal and can be driven by people. I'm glad you were able to guess the correct answer. Do you want to play again and see if you can guess another object?

然后让 ChatGPT 猜一下雨刮器

Let's play the 20q game and you make the guess
Sure, I'd be happy to play 20 Questions with you! To start the game, think of something in your mind and I'll try to guess what it is by asking you up to 20 yes or no questions. When you're ready, just let me know and I'll start asking my questions.
Let's go

Q: Okay, here's my first question: Is it an animal?
A: no

Q: Is it a plant?
A: no

Q: Is it a physical object that you can see or touch?
A: yes

Q: Is it a tool or instrument that people use?
A: yes

Q: Is it something that is typically found in a kitchen?
A: maybe

Q: Is it a type of appliance or utensil that is used for cooking or food preparation?
A: not really

Q: Hmm, I'm having trouble narrowing down the possibilities. Can you give me a little more information or a hint to help me guess correctly? Remember, I can only ask yes or no questions, so the more information you can provide, the better I'll be able to guess.
A: it has a screen

Q: Ah, I see! Is it a device that is used for entertainment or communication, such as a television, computer, or smartphone?
A: yes

Q: Is it a portable device that can be easily carried and used on the go, such as a laptop, tablet, or smartphone?
A: yes

Q: Is it a type of smartphone, such as an iPhone, Android, or Windows phone?
A: yeah

Q: Based on the information you've given me, my best guess is that you are thinking of a smartphone. Is that correct?
A: I mean it's a computer!

Q: I see, my apologies for the mistake. In that case, my new guess is that you are thinking of a laptop computer. Is that correct?
A: yes!

Q: Great, I'm glad I was able to guess correctly! Let's play again sometime if you'd like. Just think of something in your mind and I'll try to guess what it is by asking yes or no questions. Have fun!
A: Let's play again. Ask your question

Q: Sure, I'd be happy to play again! To start the game, think of something in your mind and I'll try to guess what it is by asking you up to 20 yes or no questions. When you're ready, just let me know and I'll start asking my questions.
A: Go on

Q: Okay, here's my first question: Is it an animal?
A: no

Q: Is it a plant?
A: no

Q: Is it a physical object that you can see or touch?
A: yes

Q: Is it something that is typically found in a kitchen?
A: no

Q: Is it a tool or instrument that people use?
A: partly yes

Q: Is it something that people use for writing or drawing, such as a pencil, pen, or marker?
A: no

Q: Is it something that people use for personal grooming, such as a brush, comb, or razor?
A: no

Q: Is it something that people use for exercise or physical activity, such as a ball, jump rope, or yoga mat?
A: no

Q: I'm sorry, but I'm having trouble guessing what you are thinking of based on the information you've provided. Can you give me a little more information or a hint to help me guess correctly? Remember, I can only ask yes or no questions, so the more information you can provide, the better I'll be able to guess.
A: it's a device on a car

Q: Ah, I see! Is it a device that is used for navigation, such as a GPS system or map?
A: no

Q: Is it a device that is used for safety or emergency purposes, such as a seat belt, airbag, or fire extinguisher?
A: no

Q: Is it a device that is used for maintaining or repairing a car, such as a jack, wrench, or tire gauge?
A: no

Q: Is it a device that is used for entertainment or communication, such as a radio or speaker system?
A: no

Q: Based on the information you've provided, I'm having trouble guessing what you are thinking of. Can you give me a little more information or a hint to help me guess correctly? Remember, I can only ask yes or no questions, so the more specific you can be, the better I'll be able to guess.
A: It's a device placed outside a car

Q: Ah, I see! Based on the information you've provided, my best guess is that you are thinking of a car antenna. Is that correct?
A: no

Q: I'm sorry, but I'm still having trouble guessing what you are thinking of based on the information you've provided. Can you give me a little more information or a hint to help me guess correctly? Remember, I can only ask yes or no questions, so the more specific you can be, the better I'll be able to guess.
A: It's mostly made of rubber

Q: Ah, I see! Based on the information you've provided, my best guess is that you are thinking of a car tire. Is that correct?
A: no

Q: I'm sorry, but I'm still having trouble guessing what you are thinking of based on the information you've provided. Can you give me a little more information or a hint to help me guess correctly? Remember, I can only ask yes or no questions, so the more specific you can be, the better I'll be able to guess.
A: it's has a long rubber blade

Q: Ah, I see! Based on the information you've provided, my best guess is that you are thinking of a car windshield wiper. Is that correct?
A: yes!

Q: Great, I'm glad I was able to guess correctly! Let's play again sometime if you'd like. Just think of something in your mind and I'll try to guess what it is by asking yes or no questions. Have fun!

虽然没能直接回答出来,但是这个对话能力还是很牛批的。特别是它丫的上下文捕捉能力。突破天际了。做过NLP的就知道这有多难。

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Web Animation实现页面逐渐变灰

在2006年我开始网上留下印记的时候,写了一个 dHTML 特效模拟XP关机对话框变灰, 那个时候大行其道的还是IE6,用的还是微软特有的 filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Fade 叠加两个<div>实现。

今天(2022-11-30)恰好长者去逝,学习一下最新的css姿势再实现一次。本来想用 CSS Animation+Filter实现,还是比较麻烦。比如我参考的例子是模仿 Red Dead Redemption 2 照片效果css

  #invert{
    filter: invert(1.0) grayscale(1.0);
  }
  #photo{
    animation: blur 5s infinite alternate;
  }
  @keyframes blur{
    from{
      filter: blur(3px);
      opacity: 0;
    }
    to{
      filter: blur(0px);
      opacity: 1;
    }
  }

这个方式有个问题就是需要单独设置一个 <script> 元素。后来经过 @yuanchuan23 的指点发现可以通过 Web Animation 更简单的实现:

  document.body.animate([
    {filter: 'brightness(none) grayscale(0%)'},
    {filter: 'brightness(10) grayscale(10%)', offset: 0.2},
    {filter: 'brightness(1) grayscale(100%)'}
  ], {duration: 2000, fill: 'forwards'})

这样写比 css 方便多了。加一个类似照相机闪光灯过曝的效果。其中 fill: 'forwards' 可以让变灰之后停下来。

放一个 demo 在这里:https://lab.est.im/grayscale_animation 点一下可以再变一次

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Twitter资助的 Bluesky项目

发现一个有点好玩的东东 ATP(Authenticated Transfer Protocol)协议,是 ActivityPub 的竞品。ATP对应 blusky,AP 对应 Mastodon

其中维护者pfraze谈到为什么要抛开 ActivityPub 单独搞一套协议:

There are a lot of differing design decisions.

Account portability is a major reason why we chose to build a separate protocol. Signed data repositories and DIDs are both unique to ATP and not terribly easy to retrofit into ActivityPub.

There are smaller things as well: a different viewpoint about how schemas should be handled, a preference for domain usernames over AP’s double-@ email usernames, and the goal of having large scale search and discovery (rather than the hashtag style of discovery that AP favors).

Meta:

The AP community has always been somewhat suspicious of Bluesky, for reasons that are understandable. AP’s community is volunteer driven and the users joined to escape Twitter. So, here we come, a startup funded by Twitter, with strong opinions on how the tech should be done. I’ve heard concerns that we’d “embrace, extend, & extinguish.” I’ve heard concerns that we’d force through changes that people don’t want by dint of being a funded company. You can criticize us for going a different direction but I think it’d have been a difficult collaboration if we chose to use AP, especially since we weren’t willing to compromise on some of the decisions above.

其中ATP 支持直接用域名而不是 Mastodon 的双at @someone@somesite.com 的形式,我觉得非常好!

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生命的苦恼

看到一则 tweet 作者是 @batfree

  • 2022-11-08 糖尿病是因为气候变化导致的,历史上曾经有在1000年内全球气温降了30度。进化导致血液中糖含量变高以抵御寒冷天气。这些人生存下来,但现在成了病。
  • 2022-11-08 囊性纤维化会是种致命的遗传病,但是当年对抗结核病遗传下来的。病被消灭了,遗传就成了病。
  • 2022-11-08 进化是为了保证你活到繁殖期。过了繁殖年龄之后,就自求多福了。

从这个角度出发,可以得到一个简单粗暴的二极管结论:

从自然的角度来说,人生的快乐和欢愉都指向同一个终点——繁殖;繁殖之后剩下的生命,所有的苦恼纯粹是自找的。

这个道理对于动物来说估计都成立吧。但是我感觉人类又不一样:人类额外发明了语言和文化,又是群居社会动物。无论是猿人部落还是现代院子家庭,直亲还经常出于愿意和被迫把扶养后代的活儿外包给祖父母辈。人类幼崽超长幼年期麻烦还是不少的。

想起来有个说法,说古代人平均寿命也就30左右,现代人能活到70+的寿命其实历史不长。超长的寿命带来的问题是古人解决不了的,因为古人普遍活不了那么长。古人送命的机会太多了,难产,饥饿,野兽,战争。

又想起来为啥春秋多义士,我猜是那个年代稍微人丁兴旺的农耕家族,个人的存在意义是很渺小的,除了家族能提供的有限支持,普遍没有社会保障,普通庶出的人,在碌碌无为中意外死亡的情况太多了。所以能成就一点「义」其实很划得来。相比「秦」制之下,每个人的发展被固定到了国家机器的轨道上,整个人生就被二向化:要么立军功,要么被隔壁老王立军功来束缚你。这个制度刚性到什么程度,连战神白起晚年被贬为普通士卒发配到甘肃,居然不用担心他任何反叛的可能性。后世那种什么节度使拥军自重的 bug 压根不存在。

扯远了。之前也想过生命的意义这些问题,但是没想过的是这个意义完成之后会发生什么?现代人普遍活到 70+ 的寿命,其实不是一个历史常见的现象。这是工业革命带来的农药化肥+青霉素作为保障,商业社会带来海量的以和平为主的个体发展机遇,

比如

某加拿大极端保守播主:女人能活到80岁,但40岁就不能生孩子了!如果没有小孩,她怎么过剩下来的40年?
《雷神》导演回复:环游世界、感受生活的美好、创造艺术、帮扶自己的亲属、遇到自己爱的人、找寻属于自己的快乐、成就事业、获得别人的认可,然后在你这个满怀仇恨渡过渺小一生的人的坟头蹦迪。

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8行javascript录制屏幕

看到个骚操作,玩了一下,写了个 bookmarklet

navigator.mediaDevices.getDisplayMedia({video:true}).then(function(stream){
  const mr=new MediaRecorder(stream,{mimeType:"video/webm;codecs=h264,opus"});
  mr.ondataavailable=function(ev){
    const a=document.createElement('a');a.href=URL.createObjectURL(ev.data);
    a.download ='screen_capture.webm';a.click();
  }; // will be called when .stop() with ev.data as a Blob
  mr.start();
})

这段代码也是很多WebRTC共享白板的实现原理。看起来也很简单,而且不需要额外的权限确认。

如果不需要另存为一个名字,则可以直接 location.assign() 又节约几个字。不知道还有没有办法继续节约代码量?

有点很好奇为啥chrome不支持 .mp4 封装。偏袒自家的 webm ?

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橘生淮南为橘,橘生苏联为?

在二十世纪上半叶,苏联柑橘专家(Citrology在当时是一个重要学科)在-30℃的低温下在户外种植(亚)热带植物,而且不使用玻璃或任何燃料辅助。
During the first half of the twentieth century, Soviet citrologists grew (sub)tropical plants in temperatures as low as minus 30 degrees Celsius – outdoors, and without the use of glass or any fossil fuel-powered assistance.
"渐进式抗冻" “Progressive cold-hardening”
进口的柑橘品种只在黑海沿岸几个孤立的地方存活,那里的小气候特别有利。为了使柑橘类水果更好地适应寒冷,苏联的柑橘学家采用了一种叫做 "渐进式抗冻"的方法。这使他们能够创造出适应当地生态条件的新品种,这种栽培策略最初是为杏树和葡萄开发的。
Imported citrus varieties only survived in a few isolated points along the Black Sea coast, which enjoyed a particularly favourable microclimate. To better prepare citrus fruits for cold, Soviet citrologists followed a method called “progressive cold-hardening”. It allowed them to create new varieties which were adapted to local ecological conditions, a cultivation strategy which had originally been developed for apricot trees and grapes.
该方法包括将珍贵的树木种子种植在其原始位置的更北边,然后等待它结出种子。然后将这些种子再向北种植,并反复重复这一过程,缓慢但稳定地将柑橘品种推向不太适宜的气候。利用这种方法,Rostov-on-Don(北纬47°N的一座城市,挨着亚速海)的杏树最终可以在北方650公里以外的Michurinsk(北纬52°N)种植,他们在那里开发了适应当地气候的杏树种子。另一方面,直接将Rostov 杏树的种子种植在Michurinsk证明是不成功的。
The method consists of planting a seed of a highly valued tree a bit further north of its original location, and then waiting for it to give seeds. Those seeds are then planted a bit further north, and with the process repeated further, slowly but steadily pushing the citrus variety towards less hospitable climates. Using this method, apricot trees from Rostov could eventually be grown in Mitchurinsk, 650 km further up north, where they developed apricot seeds that were adapted to the local climate. On the other hand, directly planting the seed of the Rostov apricot tree in Mitchurinsk proved unsuccessful.

不要再吹儒家智慧了。无产阶级才是真的智慧。。。

~~这故事唯一的毛病就是 Rostov 和 Michurinsk 这城市的位置似乎弄反了?反正纬度没太对劲。。。~~

更新:原来是 Rostov-on-Don,不是 Rostov(北纬57°N的一座城市,莫斯科以北202km涅罗湖岸边)

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另外「橘生淮南为橘,生淮北为枳」这句话本身也是错的

橘和枳原本就是两个根本不同的物种,在生物学特征中,橘与枳同属芸香科,虽枝、叶、果实形态相似,但枳比橘耐寒,可逾淮河而生。而橘喜温,逾淮河过了1月0℃等温线就会被冬天的霜雪冻死。所以,不是橘到淮北变成了枳,而是淮北只有枳而无橘。

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Bride price Guide for Fellow Sisters 教姐妹们如何要彩礼 英文版

今天在看到有人发了个《男性觉醒知识库》觉得太荒唐了。然后就看到评论区有人贴了个《教姐妹们如何要彩礼》更无语。。出处未知,作者未知。请选择性食用。本文使用 DeepL 翻译,有小修订。

Disclaimer: This is a DeepL translated feminist piece with minor modifications, the origin & authenticity is unknown, I stand neutral to this article

Bride price Guide for Fellow Sisters 教姐妹们如何要彩礼

The proletarian mentor Friedrich Engels said in Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State:

Pairing family, also known as monogamous marriage, originates from private ownership. It is characterized by the male subjugation of the female in gender relations, the disappearance of the female from public life and her forced return to the family, as well as by the denial of sexual freedom.

Feminist theory holds that "marriage is essentially a form of male exploitation of women, an oppression of the powerful by the vulnerable." Combined with our extensive practice in real life, it is easy to see that many women are deprived of their birth rights, education rights, employment rights, etc. for various reasons. But those with vested interests are never satisfied and are further infringing on the rights of their sisters. Since there is too much content, I will not expand here, but only briefly discuss how sisters can protect their rights in marriage.

When sisters get married, they always encounter confusion: How do you want the bride price? How can I make my husband's family pay attention to it and not be a sufferer in the past? How to buy gold jewelry? How to get added to the ownership of the house, etc. all kinds of problems plagued the sisters to be married, today the author through this article one-stop solution to the sisters on the wedding trouble.

Glossory:

  • bride price 彩礼
  • mama's boy 妈宝男
  • ugly duckling 凤凰男

I. Choosing a partner

Marriage is a big deal, is the second birth of our women, so how to choose a reliable marriage object is the key to the key.

On the marriage, especially marriage to remote places, I have heard a very apt phrase: "If the male makes you mad at noon, and your father's can't slap him in the face overnight, then you have married too far." Sisters can tend to this principle when choosing a marriage partner.

The following details about how to choose a marriage partner.

(A) the classification of men

Contemporary Chinese men are generally of worst quality. Lazy, shy, greasy, obscene, no taste of life, no aesthetics, no formality, and even w many are Mama's Boy. Therefore, sisters must be extra cautious when looking for a marriage partner, you may want to date several at the same time, the best of the best, after all, in nature only the strongest males are qualified to mate and reproduce. The most important thing is to find a quality genetic provider for your children, even for the sake of the next generation. In this case, I will divide men into three categories: Quality Male, Ugly Duckling and Ordinary Men.

  • Quality Male: refers to the height of 180cm-185cm, business parents or working in the government plus physically healthy and with a good pension; at least two loan-free property registered in Tier-I cities (Beijing, Shanghai, GuangZhou, Shenzhen), liquidity of no less than 3 million RMB, annual income not less than 50,000 RMB, a master's degree or above men.

  • Ugly Duckling: a man who meets any four of the requirements for a "Quality Male".

  • Ordinary Men: a man who meets any two of the requirements of a "Quality Male".

  • Creatures: Not recommended. Don't bother to contact anyone below the standard of the Ordinary Men

(B) Mate Selection Strategy

THe Quality Male are one-in-a-million chance. Grab it while you can and never let go. If you are losing it, get pregnant and make him a daddy. The sooner you gets this the better, the winner takes all.

For Ugly Ducklings, dating two or more at the same time, choice the best. Prioritize a handsome tall one, after all, the good looking bores your less in future days.

For Ordinary Men, you can consider use a "spare tire", "male BFF" strategy, just in case you meet a Ugly Duckling or a Quality Male is a jerk, then at least a guaranteed option, this type of man is best limited at 3-5, too many too busy. Give them an above-friendship but not-yet-lovers state, do not let them easily get you.

Pay special attention: Be wary of Mama's Boy! Be wary of Mama's Boy! Be wary of Mama's Boy!. Because Mama's Boy's money = his mom's money ≠ your money, if you meet Mama's Boy, even if he is Quality Male, don't engage. In order to identify Mama's Boy, trust your sixth sense, when you assume a man is a Mama's Boy, then he must be.

II. Marriage Preparation

(A) Tame men

Warning: the following strategies do not apply to Quality Male, Quality Male are OK as long as they are not Mama's Boy, not alcoholic, no gambling, no domestic violence, no prostitution, everything else is acceptable.

Please sisters remember the phrase: "Never marry a man who do not kneel down to wash the feet". In the dating stage, no matter what our own character is, we have to make a cool and poker face. This will give the man to form a psychological expectation that he needs to pay desperately more to cater to your approval. But you can not be too cool, give back little sweetness to warm his confidence, make him feel that you are unreachable, to maintain a status of near-approchable.

Tactic one: for example, he invited you to dinner, buy him a milk tea in return; he invited you to an amusement park or bar, you can send him a keychain, plush toys and other small gifts.

Second tactic: deliberately throw some tantrum but not too excessive, make him argue, and then you pretend to be angry, blacklist his contact, wait for him to apologize & ask forgiveness

Third tactic: occasionally care about his parents, let him think you tender and considerate, and then take him to see your parents (he can not go empty-handed), giving him a feeling that you have taken him as family.

In conclusion: men are a very naive creature, they are easily touched by your small guestures, to imaging you are the true love. So you have to learn to play small to game big, giving a little to increase the man to your niceness. Taming men should be like taming dogs, to be rigid and soft, only then they can be controlled to the direction you want. But remember not to over doing it, that will swing men away, unless you really wanted to, or want to force him to do something silly. Don't believe the honesty, too much pressure will only make the crack. Of course, you can not be too soft, then you will lose.

(B) Manipulate the man

After you have tamed the man, basically the man has been obedient to you. This is the time you have to decisively seize his salary card, bank card, the reason is afraid that he would waste money, you have to plan for the future life. This time the man will feel that you are right, and will think that you are really thinking about your future.

After the economy grab, you'd gave him some weekly allowances. Give more if you are happy, less if not. But do not spent all the money as this belongs to the premarital property, you are at most considered the keeper. Refrain to spend after marriage.

You can take the money to invest at funds or something, he will be too shy to ask for the profits, instead he will praise your housekeeping skills.

Tighten the economic control gradually, and crack down his private savings. For example, if for three months in a row you give him 1000 yuan pocket money he does not complain, he even gifts you sometimes, then it is recommended to drop to 800 yuan in the begining of the fourth month. Maintain a level just enough for his spendings. After all, the more he spends, the less you get.

If he questions this behavior, you will show him the financial gains to shut him up, if necessary, you can send friends or friends in common to pressure him, of course, do not forget to let your BFF to play: "My boyfriend only need 500 yuan a month pocket money, you got 800 that's really quite a lot."

After mastering the man's economic lifeline, you have to occasionally spend your money, note that it is your money not his, buy his parents some gifts. This generation of men's parents are very easy to handle, they are still very simple-minded, or the kind of "male dominant business female dominant family" or "a good daughter-in-law to prosper three generations" of mental. Give them an image of you as a "good daughter-in-law" and let them put pressure the man so you can get married soon.

III. Marriage Negotiations

Once you start preparing for marriage, then you will inevitably avoid talking about the bride price, dowry and other issues. Because of your previous operation to please his parents, at this time, just ask for the bride price. The groom's parents will be generous, they are in a hurry for the wedding.

First of all, the gold, in some places "five golds" are needed to get married, some places for "three golds", but no matter what, the advice is don't over do it. Because this thing is not worn every day, and will lose value if sold, it is too much of a loss, a better alternativeis focusing on bride price and property.

The amount of bride price varies, in principle, not less than 200,000 RMB. Real-estate co-ownership is naturally required, we will skip the details, but here we talk about the dialog tactics whenever applicable:

1. The Attitude Card

The fact is the amount of bride price doesn't matter, it's an attitude issue, it shows the importance out of the groom's mind. In case of bargining from the groom, bring out your BFF, pretend that she asked for X amount of bride price, gave birth to two sons to the groom's family, and is now living happily. Just make it up because they won't look it up.

Note: If your groom is taking it serisoly, say that if you want the attitude, you'd rather donate the money to charity in your name, so that you can prove the itention, it would be meaningful. If he still doesn't want to give the bride price, staying away from such a stingy brain bad man is recommended

2. The Tradition Card

You insist on claiming that the bride price is just a custom in your hometown, your whole family is very traditional, so if you don't want it, your parents will lose face. And where you from the price is not negotiable. This method can be used in combination with the "attitude card" for better yields. Finally, it boils down to the question: "Do you really love me?" The "Are you trying to fake a marriage on me?" is a soul-crushing question.

Note: If you are "open" in your private life, have richer dating experiences, with more sex experience, not that conservative, then don't use this method. For example, you often state something like "Does it matter to be a virgin? How is it a woman's duty to give birth to a child and take care of the household? The Qing Dynasty is long gone!" and such. Then give him the "tradition matters, it's always this way", then possibly the groom will clear his head take the high ground.

3. Compensation card

You insist that giving birth is for the man, the bride price is the compensation for the woman's suffering in childbirth, after all, pregnancy will seriously affect your career, you had the opportunity to become a multi-millionaire or even billionaire. Because of the child, a mother will have to settle for a monthly salary of 3,000 RMB. At the same time, your body is greatly affected by the birth of a child, there are postpartum conditions, so you must ask for compensation.

Note: To examine the IQ of a man, use this method selectively. Some men will be thankful for your dedication after hearing you say that having a child is not easy. Some other will have huge empathy for his mom and convert to Mama's Boy and be grateful and obedient to his mom. The worst case he will think: since you say the baby is for me, then we do not even need a marriage, you give me the baby, I give you the money and we are clear? Or he will discuss the price of surrogacy with you and think that we should replace the mother and keep the child. Sisters, believe me, such a man must not be married. If you marry, your day of divorce is counted.

Remember, if you divorce a man, you must claim custody of the child, because it is your child, and with the child you can ask him for alimony and succession rights!

4. Value card

This type of method is applicable to sisters who are outstanding in appearance and assets. "I'm so good, I'm not worth this much bride price?" "Do I really care that you have this little money?" You should express your disdain for this bride price with an attitude of deep apathy, as well as the posture of "marry me of fuck off". But do not forget, after the marriage your money is yours, his money are also yours, soft hearted to men means hard hearted to oneself. Li Xueqin also said: "Women should pity themselves, pity men brings bad luck for life." So never let easy on the male.

Note: If the other side is more blunt , such method is likely to fail.

5. The Binding card

This method is suitable for sisters who have been dating men for a long time. "I have been with you for so long, my youth is not worth this money?" "Do you love me or do you love money?" "You really love me or this money is all you can provide?" Bind the bride price to your time, youth, & heart, force the groom to obey. Men are very reflective creatures, they will always introspect their own problem, like am I a miser?, so when you use this method along with cold violence, such as crying while staring at him, do not speak, call his parents to tell them you might never be able to call them parents-in-law again, or directly tell him the wedding is canceled. Don't be afraid to use your feelings to blackmail him, because he can't find anyone better than you and your previous good moments together. The people around him would usually persuade over and over, and most likely his parents will start scolding him.

Note: Pay attention to cultivate his ability to introspect at soon as possible, do not let him to punder "my own youth is not worthy?" "Do I gave less than you?". This method is suitable for men who have been tamed for a long time.

6. The "Assurance" method

When the groom thinks the bride price is too high, you have to reason with him: "I don't need the bride price either, but I want some assurance", "I can't take care of my parents if I marry you, so I have to leave some money for my parents." "I'm very insecure, I'm afraid of being hurt in marriage, I just want a guarantee." "My family raised me for so many years, paid for my education, so what's wrong with asking for a dowry?" No matter what happens later, get the bride price first. After that, you can then talk about gender equality, even the one child must have to bear the responsibility of parental care. Men always admit this in general.

Note: If you have a well-off family background, this method would be a bit funny, it is recommended sisters married far away or sub-par family conditions use it wisely.

7. The Double Act

Double act method basically means good cop bad cop. Don't ask for anything, just prepare for marriage, Let your parents be the bad cop, ask the terms, use the first 6 methods, negotiate with the groom. When pressure amounts you just be the good cop to pull back a little. This is the best strategy, avoid direct conflict between you and the groom's family, on the other hand, can also make the man take your favor, you can speak up.

The most important thing to note: some men will think twice, they think that marriage is a matter of two families, you are just pretending to be innocent. So it's a good idea to always keep the image of a baby girl, with no calculating behind, the "baby doll" type of sister.

Please combine the tactics above when negotiating about the bride price for better effects. Some people may feel that the above methods are schemes, then I have to tell you, as the famous criminal psychology expert Professor Li Meijin once said: "The biggest payoff for women is pregnancy, and their womb is another kind of property. And then there is breastfeeding, the most precious food product from a mother. So in return, men must provide household, financial support to raise the family, this is the natural way, break this contract, there will be consequences......".

III. The wedding

There is nothing special about the wedding, just arrange it in your way, the man pays the bill. Remember that during the wedding day you must not test the man too much, or he will be too embarrassed. Although he paid the bride price, but his heart will be somewhat uncomfortable. Men are all about face, so they trade money for face, you just use swap his face for money.

Let him arrange the red envelope in advance, all in proper place, reception of bride's family should be slightly challenged, do not screw up the rest of wedding.

IV. The married life and divorce

As already said in the previous article, marriage is the second birth of women, we may not be born into a good family at the beginning, but can live a good life through a good marriage. A friend of the author once said to me that marriage itself is a transaction. We women can compromise certain false things in marriage, such as the last name, family, paternal rights and so on for exchanging true values. This matter weights less if you think about it less, so I suggest that the sisters do not care the surname, it's you gaving birth to your children, how can it not be yours? But these stuff can be used as a bargaining chip, do not let the husband get too easily.

According to China's judicial practice, generally speaking, divorce a year after marriage, the bride price is awarded 100% to the woman as joint property after the marriage or as a gift arising from the marriage. The dowry is characterized as the woman's pre-marital property. Therefore, even if you are not satisfied with your husband, you'd better stay on for more than one year.

According to our judicial practice, even if a woman cheats in marriage and has a child that is not her husband's own, the child is still to be raised by the man as a legitimate child.

Again according to our judicial practice, even if the man bought the house before marriage, under his full payment, but once added your co-ownership, then you are able to divide a certain percentage.

Still according to China's judicial practice, in certain areas, "cheating while married, the agreed property goes to the party with no fault" prenuptial agreement is recognized by the court.

So I suggest that sisters on a date must study the marriage law, consult a lawyer, sign a good prenuptial agreement. Whether the other party will cheat, best to believe that men are unable to withstand temptation. Without going into too much detail, there are many tactics, in order to the harmony of the family I can only stop here.

When divorce must pay attention to emphasize that the husband practice domestic violence, alcoholic, gambling and other vices. In daily life to pay attention to keep the evidence, make small problems big, and then force him to apologize, let him sign a desist letter. Don't underestimate these warranties, they are recognized by the court in case of a divorce.

In the case of domestic violence, it is important to remember that even if you havn't been abused, you should always take pictures of your casual injuries for other reasons as evidence of domestic violence. It is the other party's business to clarify and the lawyer's business to argue, so you are responsible for providing all kinds of evidence there can be.

The most important point is that you should try to find a female judge for your divorce case! Because only women judges will help women, only girls will help girls!

V. Conclusion

To believe in the state, believe in the law. The state can't wait for every man to get married, because men without a family is on the loose and destablize the society. Sisters must have confidence, don't be afraid of trouble, whether it is microblogging, socialnetworks, the court or the husband's work place, as long as you dare to fight, in most cases the other party will compromise.

Sisters, you must believe in your own power, protect yourself, and be an independent woman and excel. Cheers

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Manu 被 TWTR 开了

If a company has someone who is literally paid to minimize liabilities, painting a big red "liability" sign on your back in front of them is not a good idea.

The corporate game is all about pretending to trust each other, while looking for multiple backstabbing opportunities at the same time.

企业,表面功夫做得很足的通力合作的一群人,然而背地里都是子弹上膛随时准备干掉对方。

Org Charts

出自HN。上面这幅漫画的作者 Manu 就是刚刚被Twitter开除的那个。Manu这个人比较有意思,除了很多技术经历之外,还有个中文网站 看破红尘 kanpohongchen.net。还写了本中文书《漫画诺贝尔》。

关于corporate politics,还学到一个词,stack ranking。这玩意说得好听就是绩效排名,实际上它主要需要解决奖励发放问题,也就是分配问题。我觉得本质就是个排资论辈?简称——孝。。。。。。

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JS播放 DTMF

玩 WebRTC 的时候发现它居然内置支持了 DTMF 拨号音

这里就简单科普一下,DTMF 就是手机电话拨号音,数字按键按下去嘟嘟嘟响那个。具体就2个频率调谐:

DTMF 1209Hz 1336Hz 1477Hz 1633Hz
697Hz 1 2 3 A
770Hz 4 5 6 B
852Hz 7 8 9 C
941Hz * 0 # D

于是兴趣来了想做一个 demo 玩玩,写了半天调试不通,报错

VM987:1 Uncaught DOMException: Failed to execute 'insertDTMF' on 'RTCDTMFSender': The 'canInsertDTMF' attribute is false: this sender cannot send DTMF.

仔细研究了下这玩意,原来 WebRTC 不直接传音频,而是发一个控制信号,由接收方播放出音频,所以你需要本地创建一个真实的双工 RTC 并打开麦克风权限,才能播放DTMF音频。

WebRTC doesn't send DTMF codes as audio data. Instead, they're sent out-of-band, as RTP payloads. Note, however, that although it's possible to send DTMF using WebRTC, there is currently no way to detect or receive incoming DTMF. WebRTC currently ignores these payloads;

这样就走远了。于是又手痒用 AudioContext() 糊了一个。一共不到1000字节。

https://lab.est.im/dtmf 源码

嗯。就挺简单的。特别是那个 oscillator有个 .stop(0.2) 参数可以避免 setTimeout 的麻烦。网上很多教程整复杂了。

btw 把一些老脚本挂在 lab 域名下。
btw2 把 RSS 改成全文输出了。

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如果伽利略在比萨斜塔扔的是正负电子?

凌晨4点居然失眠了,妈蛋,于是就捡起来昨天看到的 quanta 杂志文章继续读,发现一个有意思的问题,我们知道

  1. 光子是以光速飞行的,它没有静止质量
  2. 正、反电子是有正质量的,只能以亚光速飞行
  3. 有的时候正反电子会合体成一个光子

那么假设伽利略拿一个正电子(e+),用绳子绑住一个电子(e-),注意他们俩都是有正质量的,从比萨斜塔上扔下去,会发生:

  • (A) 超光速掉落
  • (B) 光速掉落
  • (C) 亚光速掉落
  • (D) 虚数光速掉落
  • (E) 哐当一声

答案: https://profmattstrassler.com/2022/09/09/protons-and-charm-quarks-a-lesson-from-virtual-particles/

我也看得个半懂,但是文章写得太tm 好了。强烈推荐阅读。因为最近 Nature 有人搞了个大新闻,说他们跑了个机器学习模型分析最近50年的粒子对撞机数据,发现质子里「有的时候」包含一个比质子重的 charm quark。

还学到一个奇妙的比喻,教科书的说法是,质子由 2x up quark 和 1x down quark 构成。这是个巨大的骗术。真实的情况是,质子就是个垃圾堆,里面有成千上万亿的稀奇破玩意。大概可以分成3类,一大堆 antiquark,一大堆 quark 和 一大堆 胶水。只是恰好 up quarkup antiquark2 个,down quarkdown antiquark1 个,外加一大堆胶水(gluon) 和 quark-antiquark pair ,挤在一个 非常小的区域内,以接近光速的速度飞来飞去。

虚假的质子模型:

真实的质子模型:

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第三世界

半夜看到个东西,翻来覆去睡不着,就记录一下。

很多人知道老毛的「第三世界」理论,这也是为数不多的由中国人完全贡献通行欧美的顶流政治概念。但是很少有人知道20世纪顶级哲学家 波普 Karl Popper 有另外一套「三个世界」理论。这三个世界分别是:

  1. 真实的物质世界
  2. 人的个性 (character)
  3. 人的思想 (idea)

卧槽,深邃。作为假装不惑好多年的人,仍然能在生命的这个阶段学习到新的姿势,感觉非常过瘾,让人回味初一自己琢磨哲学的愉快时光。

人的思想又称理性,是通过推理和因果构成的神性世界;人的个性是由情绪、脾气和兽性驱动的喜怒哀乐感性世界。很多人会把这两者混淆成一回事,但是从根本上来说是错误的。人的个性我理解大多是先天遗传(nature)决定的,人的理性是人作为 homo sapien 的独门绝技,是把镜像神经元发挥到极致的后天(nurture)集大成机制。

说起这个我又想起来,以前觉得儒家的王阳明「知行合一」很厉害,直到我看到「自觉、觉他、觉行」这个说法:

  1. 首先要了解自己,独善其身
  2. 其次要以己度人(pun intended),考虑对方感受和社会整体,毕竟人类是群居动物,由社会定义的存在
  3. 最后要把思考成果应用到行动上,否则都是瞎jb空谈,其实这玩意也讲究方法论

儒家作为一个上古玩交际起家的教派,没把「他觉」单独拎出来强调,从这个层面上来说落了下风啊。

其实我想说的是,波普恐怕还漏了第四个世界,这个世界是基于 idea 上的虚拟机,这个虚拟机可以去模拟和推演他人的行为、个性和思维的世界,这也是中国人最擅长的,算计他人。

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刑事犯罪中起诉人数排名top3

帮朋友看一家公司,专门做爬虫的。找到一些有意思的信息,各位可以先猜猜这个题:

2020年以来,大陆各类刑事犯罪中起诉人数排名前3的罪名是?

  • (A) 网上乱发言
  • (B) 偷东西
  • (C) 诈骗
  • (D) 开车出事
  • (E) 打架、杀人、伤人
  • (F) 帮别人修理电脑或者网络
  • (G) 贿赂
正确答案: (D) (B) (G) 帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪(以下简称帮信罪)是2015年11月起施行的刑法修正案(九)新增罪名,主要指行为人明知他人利用信息网络实施犯罪,为其犯罪提供互联网接入、服务器托管、网络存储、通信传输等技术支持,或者提供广告推广、支付结算等帮助的犯罪行为,是电信网络犯罪的重要“帮凶”。2019年11月,最高检联合最高法制定出台《关于办理非法利用信息网络、帮助信息网络犯罪活动等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,明确了帮信罪定罪量刑标准和有关司法认定问题。近年来,特别是2020年10月“断卡”行动以来,检察机关起诉涉嫌帮信犯罪案件上涨较快,目前已成为各类刑事犯罪中起诉人数排名第3的罪名(前两位分别是危险驾驶罪、盗窃罪)。

然后说回爬虫,最近看到《明确越界网络爬虫行为的刑事处罚边界》,虽然不是法规文件,但是可以参考。总体来说:

  1. 如果你是 IT 从业人员,那么明知故犯罪加一等
  2. 小爬没事,把别人服务器爬出500错误了就麻烦了。需要登录或者有反爬最好不要去碰
  3. 公开数据理论上没事。不遵守 robots.txt 也无所谓

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乌克兰的 Starlink 究竟是美帝还是 Elon Musk 出的钱?

事情起因:Elon Musk 闲的蛋痛发起了一个关于俄乌战争如何和平的投票

https://twitter.com/MelnykAndrij/status/1576977000178208768

乌克兰前外交官回了一句 Fuck off

Elon Musk 就说给乌克兰的 starlink 已经烧了 $80 million,不再免费了。拜拜。

有人说,Starlink 其实是美帝联邦政府(USAID,U.S. Agency for International Development)出的钱。

其实两个人都说得对,但都片面。准确的说法是:

  • 3,670 donated by SpaceX
  • 1,330 purchased (by USAID)

让我感到意外的是 Twitter Birdwatch。很准确的给出了上下文和关键结论,还第一次见。想加入 birdwatch 的话,需要绑美国手机号码。算了。但是这个形式还是很不错的。想知道它的摘要算法是NLP自动的还是人肉 outline 的

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关于 刘备 的4个问题。看看你能猜对多少?

尝试blog写一个新的系列,就是把平时读到的遇到的材料做成阅读理解题。因为很多的时候会让我们感觉WTF?

昨天刚看了 硬核|| 被《三国演义》粉饰了的老刘入川 ,受评论区启发,写几道题,各位可以盲猜下。问题都出自:三国志·蜀书·先主传

  1. 在中国东汉末年三国时期的 刘备(创立蜀汉帝国的汉昭烈帝) 的兄长是:
  • (A): 公孙瓒
  • (B): 关羽
  • (C): 张飞
  • (D): 卢植
  • (E): 袁绍
  • (F): 何进
正确答案: (A)。年十五,母使行学,与同宗刘德然、辽西公孙瓒俱事故九江太守同郡卢植。…… 而瓒深与先主相友。瓒年长,先主以兄事之。
  1. 刘备在15岁左右最大的爱好是?(多选),最不喜欢做的是?
  • (A): 同性交♂友
  • (B): 美食
  • (C): KTV
  • (D): 开车(ju)
  • (E): 穿潮牌衣服
  • (F): 读书
  • (G): 军事和键政
正确答案: 喜欢:(D) (C) (E) (A);不喜欢:(F) 先主不甚乐读书,喜狗马、音乐、美衣服……好交结豪侠
  1. 汉灵帝末年,黄巾军起义,刘备参军,通过什么方式获得了第一次军功?
  • (A): 高超的战术和计谋
  • (B): 躺平装死
  • (C): 自己和兄弟的勇猛冲锋
  • (D): 收买敌人
  • (E): 军力,装备和军事武器器械
  • (F): 物资多,耗死对方
正确答案: (B) 典略曰:平原刘子平……遣(刘备)从事将兵讨纯……遇贼于野,备中创阳死,贼去后,故人以车载之,得免。后以军功,为中山安喜尉。
  1. 刘备临死之前托孤给丞相诸葛亮,诏书中跟他儿子(刘禅)总结了他这辈子的缺点是:
  • (A): 军事指挥能力不足
  • (B): 人才梯队建设欠缺
  • (C): 时机和背景机遇弱
  • (D): 人品道德问题
  • (E): 战略或执行错误
正确答案: (D)。先主病笃,托孤于丞相亮,尚书令李严为副。夏四月癸巳,先主殂于永安宫,时年六十三。诸葛亮集载先主遗诏勑后主曰:“……勿以恶小而为之,勿以善小而不为。惟贤惟德,能服于人。汝父德薄,勿效之。……”

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Cloudflare worker 返回浏览器ip:端口

看到个贴 返回客户端连接用的 IP 和端口号,想起来也需要熟悉一下 Cloudflare worker,于是拿来练练手

  export default {
    async fetch(request, env) {
      return await handleRequest(request).catch(
        (err) => new Response(err.stack, { status: 500 })
      )
    }
  }

  async function handleRequest(request) {
    const { pathname } = new URL(request.url);

    if (pathname === "/ip") {
      const ip = request.headers.get('CF-Connecting-IP');
      return new Response(ip + '\n');
    }

    if (pathname === "/ip:port") {
      const ip = request.headers.get('CF-Connecting-IP');
      const port = request.headers.get('est-Connecting-Port') || '?'
      return new Response(ip + ':' + port + '\n');
    }

    return new Response('Tools:\n /ip\n/ip:port\n');
  }

遇到一个问题,Cloudflare 官方有提供浏览器客户端IP变量 CF-Connecting-IP 但是缺少端口,查了下可以自己通过 cf.edge.client_port 这个变量获得, 方法是在进入 CF网站管理 面板 → Rules → Transform Rules → HTTP Request Header Modification 里添加一条请求头规则。如图:

但是 header 不能以 CF- 开头,所以这里改成 est-Connecting-Port,就能获得客户端请求的 IP+端口 了

测试地址: t.本网站根域名/ip:port

目前还缺:IPv6 的正确表示。。。。

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论电子阳痿

看到个贴 https://www.v2ex.com/t/884992 ,也算有一些感触吧,在博客记录一下现在的想法。

以前英国贵族喝茶是要加糖的,因为普通人压根接触不到制成品糖块,加糖是有成本的装逼表现;后来北美甘蔗种植园和远洋贸易导致平民和工人也开始喝茶加糖了,于是贵珠又流行喝清茶了。。。。

以前川菜也是不辣的,只是麻。后来辣椒从南美流传到云贵川,地主带头吃辣,而且吃出了军备竞赛看谁更辣说明更装逼。。。后来辣椒烂大街普及了,川菜又开始反向装逼了,比如开水白菜的发明的初衷就是为了证明川菜不辣也有上等菜品。。。

电子阳痿怎么说呢,从某些程度来说,选择电子娱乐在当年是一种世外桃源的感觉。以前的娱乐无非是 ktv ,武侠小说,吃喝嫖赌这些。能玩电子游戏,首先家里得有个 386/486/586,那个年代能花几万搞一个电脑还是得很有魄力的。最不济也得是个书香门第。敢玩游戏的,比如你内存不足了得会改中断和加扩展内存啊。

游戏往往跟别的娱乐简直不是一个级别的比较。比如当年比较简单的游戏形式为 Multi-User Dungeons (MUD) ,想起最近我在看互动教娃之类的感触,我了解到美国有一个做了十多年的 inquiry-based learning 叫 AoPS ,我被这种教学方式震撼了。因为我自己有娃才知道这样做有多难,这种方式是首先老师得在某个学科、领域有「完备」的知识储备,然后娃从一个 problem 开始提问,你跟他讲解需要理解的解决方法,需要储备的基础知识,解决这一个问题之后,需要把得到的经验总结然后形式化,然后提出更多的问题,进而学习到所有数学知识。要通过软件做到这一点,就需要对知识树进行建模然后做一个有向无环的遍历。然后找着找着发现一些写小说的工具就有这样的功能,你先整理一个时间观和人物关系大纲,然后每个章节就是这些联系的具体实现和阐述。突然我意识到,这 TM 不就是几十年前互动文本 RPG 游戏的核心原理么。你需要创建很多 NPC 对话的上下文并且穷举所有的选项组合,这不就等效于整理某个学科知识来做一个教学系统么。再比如,游戏里创建3D场景,如今被ILM从《The Mandalorian》开始引入好莱坞,无绿幕拍摄已经快称为行业基操。所以当时玩的不是游戏,而是玩的是计算机图形学和美学的最前沿成就。

记得我小时候,玩电子游戏还约等于玩小霸王。这玩意在当年被美名其曰「学习机」,但实际上买回来都被拿来玩FC红白机了。这事其实在国外也发生过,无数高手都是通过折腾 Commodore 64 无师自通了 6502 汇编。这又让我想起了文曲星,很多人走向码农就是因为初高中被一个能写 BASIC 代码的电子辞典给迷上了。能在这些设备玩上游戏,那只是无数对技术钻研的汗水、执着和努力的一项亮眼的成果而已。

而如今呢,天下游戏,不归吃鸡便归MOBA。纵然这两种类型也有其乐趣之处,但是其玩法为了迎合市场和几十亿人口,把门槛已经降到了最低并且能恰到好处的维持一定量的兴奋值,这一切都归功于数值策划的在反胃和上瘾之间作出的微妙平衡。

所以归根结底为啥电子阳痿呢,游戏已经被太多的人玩滥了。它没有与众不同的属性,它不 cool,它除了赢得一局带来的短暂成就感,并不能带来「与众不同」的持续归属感。商业的力量让电子游戏称为一个能挣钱的行业,但商业也让电子游戏从上古时期的 玩游戏-拆游戏-再发明游戏 的双向过程,变成了充值消费就能变强的单向过程,让人在赢得了对手或者 AI 之后变得无比的寂寞,这一种空虚的贤者时间让人觉得我 TM 为啥电子阳痿了;

以前玩游戏在没网的情况下,人会尽可能发挥主观能动性钻研出自己的绝招和攻略,形成一个硬核的玩家群体,现在的游戏则是尽可能的缩小可能性,让大多数玩家在有限的设定里去尽可能充值。玩家还会丧失主动感。

所以什么样的游戏才不会阳痿呢?我细数了一下我自己还经常玩的,类似 Civ,Rimworld,Mount n' Blade 这种,简单机制但是有无穷组合可能性的;GTA、少女卷轴这种开放世界的;Valheim,Minecraft 这种能造独一无二的东西装逼的。它们的共同特点就是缓解或者解决了我上面提到的种种问题。

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